Psychofyzický problém je centrálním problémem ve filozofii mysli. Filozofie předkládá řadu řešení psychofyzického problému v podobě konceptů a teorií ve snaze odpovědět na otázky, zda fyzické a mentální fenomény mají nějaký vztah a pokud ano, jakým způsobem se tento vztah uskutečňuje. Otázky ohledně vztahu fyzického a mentálního aspektu a ohledně jejich podstaty nejsou považovány psychiatrií za zásadní, přestože se psychiatrie ve výzkumu i klinické praxi zaměřuje na dílčí aspekty tohoto problému. Tento článek zkoumá, které filozofické koncepce psychofyzického problému se uplatňují (...) v teoretických konstruktech psychiatrie. (shrink)

To determine the effects of early undernutrition on learning and long-term memory, Swiss mice were cross-fostered randomly at birth to produce litter sizes of 6 and 16, thereby providing “normally nourished” and “undernourished” conditions. At 28 days of age, the pups were housed in groups of 3 and 4, with ad-lib access to food and water until testing began at 60 days of age. Each mouse received 50 active-avoidance training trials daily for 14 consecutive days. Retention testing began 14 days (...) after the end of original training and consisted of 50 trials daily for 5 days. Overall, mice reared in large litters suffered deficits in learning but not in long-term memory. (shrink)

Il est question dans cet article de l’évolution de l’idée de «nation» en France au cours du XVIIIe siècle. Beaucoup d’historiens pensent qu’on peut identifier les débuts de la conscience nationale française déjà au sein de la population de la France médiévale, alors que pour la plupart des sociologues la nation n’est qu’une construction intelectuelle créée par les intelligentsias européennes pendant les XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Les protagonists de la Révolution prétendirent d’agir au nom de la Nation Française en tant (...) qu’une communauté ethnique, linguistique et culturelle. Cette conception moderne de la nation, quand et comment fût-elle née en? (shrink)

Il est […] illusoire de vouloir affronter seul des problèmes qui appellent le dépassement des limites liées aux spécialisations disciplinaires et aux enjeux institutionnels. Après avoir lu l’ensemble des contributions au présent volume de Corela et m’être plongé dans un certain nombre de travaux cités dans ces articles, profitant du fait qu’Ingrid Mayeur et Marie-Anne Paveau ont eu l’élégance de me convier à un dialogue critique, je répondrai brièvement à cert...

Introduction Patient safety is essential for healthcare quality and a global concern. The rapid advancement of medical technology presents ethical challenges for critical care nurses, who navigate complex decision-making processes. Given their close relationships with patients, nurses are uniquely positioned to address patient safety issues. Thus, enhancing nurses’ moral sensitivity and ethical values is increasingly important. Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between moral sensitivity and attitude towards patient safety in critical care nurses. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study (...) was conducted from June to September 2022 in three hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Participants were nurses in intensive care units (ICUs), selected via convenience sampling. A total of 382 nurses completed questionnaires assessing demographic information, moral sensitivity, and patient safety attitudes. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression in SPSS 26. Ethical considerations: This research received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Participants provided informed consent regarding the study’s objectives, and their confidentiality was strictly upheld throughout the research. Results The nurses’ average age and work experience were 38.6 years and 12.4 years, respectively. Mean scores for moral sensitivity and patient safety attitude were 81.65 ± 2.69 and 51.47 ± 2.21, indicating high levels and a significant positive correlation. Factors such as increasing age, work experience, fewer working hours, and completion of ethics training were linked to more positive attitudes towards patient safety ( p <.05). Regression analysis showed that 42.8% of the variability in attitudes towards patient safety could be explained by moral sensitivity and demographic characteristics. Conclusion This study highlights the relationship between moral sensitivity and patient safety attitudes among critical care nurses, emphasizing the importance of education, experience, and training in shaping ethical values. Enhancing moral sensitivity is vital for reducing risky behaviors and improving patient safety outcomes in critical care settings. (shrink)

Resumo: No presente artigo, buscaremos discutir alguns aspectos da primeira parte das Conferências introdutórias à psicanálise (1916-1917), dedicada aos atos falhos, de modo a indicar um dado modo de construção e endereçamento de Freud ao ouvinte/leitor. Pretendemos acompanhar o desenrolar argumentativo das palestras e destacar a construção de um procedimento de leitura que necessariamente implica o lugar do intérprete. Nessa direção, destacamos três passos constitutivos da argumentação freudiana: a suposição de uma alteridade, a equivalência entre sentido, significação e intenção e (...) a apresentação de pressupostos teóricos ao longo de seu procedimento de leitura.Palavras-chave: atos falhos; Freud; psicanálise. Abstract: In this article, we will try to discuss some aspects of the first part of the Introductory Lectures to Psychoanalysis (1916-1917), dedicated to the faulty acts, in order to indicate a certain way of construction and addressing of Freud to the listener/reader. We intend to follow the argumentative development of the lectures and highlight the construction of a reading procedure that necessarily implies the place of the interpreter. In this direction, we highlight three constitutive steps of the Freudian argument: the assumption of an alterity, the equivalence between meaning, meaning and intention, and the presentation of theoretical assumptions throughout its reading procedure.Keywords: parapraxis; Freud; psychoanalysis. (shrink)

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rising worldwide, especially in poorer nations. It is anticipated to emerge as the sixth main cause of mortality globally by 2030. The factors linked to self-awareness in diabetes patients are still debated.Aim: To identify factors associated with self-awareness among diabetic patients attending Al-Zaher primary health care center (PHCC), Makkah Almukaramah City, Saudi Arabia 2024Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a randomized sample of diabetes patients visiting Al-Zaher Primary Health Care Center in Makkah AlMukarramah (...) city. The used questionnaire included demographic information and data on the patient's beliefs and attitudes toward diabetes mellitus (DM). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. A P-value below 0.05 was deemed significant.Results: The study included 523 patients with T2DM in different genders, age categories from 20 to 70 years and education levels. The majority of respondents were married (79.3%). 53.5% of respondents were fully informed of their health conditions, however 52% were not confident in managing their diabetes. 60% of patients stated that regular diabetic follow-up every one to two months would assist in maintaining their health. 50.7% of respondents said there is a significant likelihood of getting diabetic issues in the future. While 50.9% of respondents felt that diabetes may be remedied with medicine, 47% of them thought that those with diabetes would have a shorter lifespan compared to those without the condition. 48% of patients selected meals optimal for their health, whereas 51.6% engaged in exercise at least three times weekly to enhance blood glucose regulation. Nonetheless, 51.1% of them sometimes missed doses of diabetic medicine. The average total score of patients' self-awareness about diabetes mellitus was 6.8±3.9, with a median of 8 (range 1-13).Conclusion: The study found inadequate self- awareness among diabetic patients. Male gender, younger age and high education level are the significant factors associated with high self-awareness toward DM. The study highlights the need for educational programs to improve self-awareness and empower patients, especially females, older individuals, and those with lower education levels, in Saudi Arabia. (shrink)

Background This analysis is about practical living bioethics and how law, ethics and sociology understand and respect children’s consent to, or refusal of, elective heart surgery. Analysis of underlying theories and influences will contrast legalistic bioethics with living bioethics. In-depth philosophical analysis compares social science traditions of positivism, interpretivism, critical theory and functionalism and applies them to bioethics and childhood, to examine how living bioethics may be encouraged or discouraged. Illustrative examples are drawn from research interviews and observations in two (...) London paediatric cardiac units. This paper is one of a series on how the multidisciplinary cardiac team members all contribute to the complex mosaic of care when preparing and supporting families’ informed consent to surgery. Results The living bioethics of justice, care and respect for children and their consent depends on theories and practices, contexts and relationships. These can all be undermined by unseen influences: the history of adult-centric ethics; developmental psychology theories; legal and financial pressures that require consent to be defined as an adult contract; management systems and daily routines in healthcare that can intimidate families and staff; social inequalities. Mainstream theories in the clinical ethics literature markedly differ from the living bioethics in clinical practices. Conclusion We aim to contribute to raising standards of respectful paediatric bioethics and to showing the relevance of virtue and feminist ethics, childhood studies and children’s rights. (shrink)

A review of research addressing correlates of attitudes toward social responsibility of business leads to the conclusion that little can currently be confidently stated concerning such correlates and that progress toward the understanding of relevant linkages is largely dependent on the development of psychometrically adequate indices of social attitudes. Using a sample of high level executives from a large number of industries, this paper examines various psychometric properties of an index of social attitudes, the Social Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) (Aldag and (...) Jackson, 1977) and considers relationships of SAQ subscale scores to multiple measures of firm size and economic performance and to managerial demographic and social psychological characteristics. Results of this study reflect favorably on psychometric integrity of the SAQ and reveal a complex set of correlates of its subscales. (shrink)

The 4E approach in (philosophy of) cognitive science—based on ideas that the mind is embodied, embedded, extended, and enacted—is so diverse that it defies straightforward explanation. This paper considers the most ecumenical explanation of the extant concept of the 4E approach. Purported explanations of 4E based on contested definitions of cognition, contrasts with non-4E approaches, or essential and unifying features (including embodiment) either fail to capture the correct extension for the concept of 4E or lead to incoherence. The incoherence is (...) generated by a failure to abide by several desiderata for non-revisionist conceptual explanations: informativeness, non-contentiousness, and identification of any unifying features if they exist. By contrast, a family resemblance conception of 4E constrained by ties of historical influence satisfies these desiderata. The 4E approach should be understood as a set of family resemblances of overlapping ideas, hypotheses, theories and conceptual frameworks about the mind, as well as methods for its study. The family resemblances span several dimensions, including but not limited to a rejection of dualism, non-representational explanations of the mind, phenomenological methods, the importance of embodiment, a dynamical systems perspective, and an evolutionary perspective on the mind. This family resemblance conception is complemented by a historical dimension: the concept of 4E cognitive science emerged in the period following the cognitive revolution of the 1950s. The advantages of this explanation are that it abides by the established use of ‘4E’, explains 4E’s apparent diversity, and warns against reductive explanations. (shrink)

Employee participation is essential to organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related environmental initiatives (EIs). Employees’ attitudes to participating in pro-environmental behaviors are addressed in workplace literature drawing upon the theory of planned behavior. However, antecedents to employees’ attitude formation, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of participating in EIs, have not been adequately researched. Greater understanding of EI attitude formation can support efforts to foster EI participation. This study explores employees’ perceptions of EI costs and benefits to employees personally, to (...) their organization, and to society by applying goal framing theory. A sample of 120 survey participants described 150 initiatives and identified personal, organizational, and societal costs and benefits of the EIs. Cost and benefit categories are presented along with a taxonomy and themes. The findings of this study provide a reference point for researchers and managers in understanding how employees view EIs and how employees might be encouraged to participate. (shrink)

Assuming divine command theory is true, there are no moral limits on the commands God can issue. Nevertheless there are no possible worlds in which divine command theory is true and God commands cruelty for its own sake or the sacrifice of ten-year-olds in a gruesome ritual, or anything of the kind. The main conclusion of the argument is that God cannot command the morally horrible not because of God's moral perfection or God's lack of power, of God's kindness, etc., (...) but because commanding the morally horrible entails a contradiction. I show that the argument is an instance of a valid and uncontroversial counterfactual sequent. Divine command theory entails that there are commands that even an omnipotent and morally unconstrained being cannot issue. (shrink)

I consider the most serious problem for the traditional account of divine creation in theistic actualism. According to van Inwagen's modal collapse argument, ultimate explanation entails that gratitude to God for one's existence is totally inappropriate. Ultimately, the actual world, and everything in it, is self-explanatory, and not a consequence of divine creation. I argue that van Inwagen's argument is unsound. It is consistent with an ultimate explanation for the world that the actual world is contingently necessary. If God actualizes (...) the world as a matter of contingent necessity, then gratitude to God for one's existence is perfectly appropriate. It is true that we exist as a matter of necessity, but that necessary existence is just a contingent fact. There are possible worlds in which we fail to exist altogether. (shrink)

European nations like Portugal and Spain, driven by its crusading zeal, carried out their religious and political agenda by spreading Catholicism in the Maghreb and stopping the pursuit of fugitives (Muslims and Jews). The current study aims to narrate the events of the Battle of Wadi al-Makhazin and its religious and political dimensions, which deprived the Papacy of regaining its glory in activating the Inquisition, and forcing Muslims and Jews in Spain and Portugal to convert to Catholicism. Adopting a historical (...) approach, this research queried how religious dimensions shaped the fate of Battle of Wadi al-Makhazin, how the victory of the Saadi state stopped the expansion of the European nations like Portugal and Spain in the Maghreb, and what were the religious and strategic implications of this victory. The victory saw the collapse of the Portuguese state politically, militarily and economically. With this defeat, Portugal was annexed to the Spanish throne. The Jews in Morocco celebrated the victory at Battle of Wadi al-Makhazin, commemorated the defeat of Portugal as an annual festive event. They celebrated the escape from the hands of King Sebastian of Portugal, who had ordered to kill every Jew in the Maghreb who did not convert to Catholicism. This study reiterates the significance of the Battle of Wadi al-Makhazin as a landmark that not only halted Christianization efforts targeting Muslims and Jews in the Maghreb, but also ended the Portuguese crusading endeavors in the region. (shrink)

Born into a poor, Muslim family at the end of the 19th century, Gama became World Champion wrestler by defeating the reigning Polish champion in London in 1910. By focusing on the life of Gama, the heroic representations of Gama that appear in the Hindi language literature, and the transformations in wrestling regimens that have occurred over the past several centuries, I locate the discourse and practice of wrestling within a context of intersecting concerns with nationalism, class identity and embodied (...) consciousness. To articulate the way in which subaltern identity is embodied in relation to nationalist ideas about masculine fitness, and in relation to the state as a political institution, I provide an analytic interpretation of the heroic body that focuses on themes of nervousness and obsession. (shrink)

Beauty filters are automated photo editing tools that use artificial intelligence and computer vision to detect facial features and modify them, allegedly improving a face’s physical appearance and attractiveness. Widespread use of these filters has raised concern due to their potentially damaging psychological effects. In this paper, I offer an account that examines the effect that interacting with such filters has on self-perception. I argue that when looking at digitally-beautified versions of themselves, individuals are looking at AI-curated distorted mirrors. This (...) helps identify two potential cognitive effects of this behavior. First, it can elicit affective attitudes that change how individuals feel when looking at their unfiltered self-images. Second, exposure to filtered self-images might cause a perceptual normalization of such images. Finally, I argue that this form of distorted mirror gazing is a novel cultural practice for self-perception, and I highlight some ways in which this practice could be critically evaluated and ultimately changed. (shrink)

Mirror of Obedience and Simone Weil: A Very Short Introduction present the life, thought, and poetry of one of the most remarkable individuals of the twentieth century, Simone Weil (1909-43). Silvi...

Murayama and Jach offer valuable suggestions for how to integrate computational processes into motivation theory, but these processes cannot do away with motivation altogether. Rewards are only rewarding because people want and like them – that is, because of motivation. Sexual desire is not primarily a quest for rewarding information. Elucidating the interface between motivation and cognition seems a promising way forward.

Turning the techniques we use to understand other people onto ourselves can provide an insight into the types of self-knowledge that may be possible for us. Adopting Pluralistic Folk Psychology, according to which we understand others not primarily by thinking about invisible beliefs and desires that cause behavior, but instead by modeling others as people - with rich characters, relationships, past histories, cultural embeddedness, personality traits, and so forth. A preliminary investigation shows that we understand ourselves at least in terms (...) of our phenomenal states, informational states, perceptual states, traits, desires, and beliefs. I then appeal to empirical research to examine the accuracy of our sense of self-understanding in these ways, and argue that these are often non-veridical. Moreover, in our folk practices, we do not take our statements of self-understanding as infallible, but we allow others to help us see ourselves. While there is room for some improvement in our acurarcy, I conclude.. (shrink)

Stereotypes and prejudice have an important role in conflict resolution. Theyrepresent an underexplored sociological and psychological dimension of ethnic conflictsin the Western Balkans, and particularly in North Macedonia. Most research haveshownthat these are the root causes of interethnic conflict. Moreover, they are consideredthefuelof interethnic and interreligious conflict. The goal of this paper is to (1) present thegeneralrole of stereotypes and prejudices in intergroup conflict (be it ethnic or religious) conflictand (2) clarify and better understand their nature from socio-psychological perspectiveand (3) (...) explore them on a small sample of140 Macedonian and Albanian children in North Macedonia in the municipalitiesofTetovo and Jegunovce. The research was conducted in February 2020, and HumanFigureDrawing projective technique was used in order to measure stereotypes andprejudice.The results are descriptive an indicate the actual situation in these two municipalities.Further, the findings show that Macedonian group of children could easily imagineanAlbanian as the `other` (friend) whereas the Albanian group of children couldeasilyimagine the `other` (friend) as someone who is not living in the state, not even inthesamemunicipality. This research findings recommend that more strategic and researchbasedapproach should be implemented in relation to minimizing the stereotypes andprejudiceamong Macedonian and Albanian children and improving interethnic coexistenceatgrassroot level. (shrink)

Multiple-holistic analysis conducted in the Western Balkans has shown that context(s)in the Western Balkans are overflowed with stereotypes, prejudice, and religious intolerance. Thesethree phenomena were included in extensive multiple-holistic case study by conducting interviewsand open-ended surveys among peace activists, journalists, politicians, as well as members of thecivil society, in the countries of North Macedonia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Kosovo. The researchfindings draw a picture of a still deeply prejudiced and divided societies. People categorizeeach other according to their religion and ethnicity. (...) The group they identified themselves with representsthe reference for what is good or bad. Stereotypes and prejudice are deeply rooted in andtransmitted in early childhood experiences, in most cases as a result of family trauma as a consequenceof an earlier conflict. Also, ethnic prejudice are deeply rooted in state systems. Religion inthese contexts plays a crucial but subtle role in designing unstable and divided contexts. It keepsto its own communities and values through exclusion of the others instead of using its power forunifying and tolerance purposes. The presence of deeply rooted stereotypes and prejudice createuncertain societies and uncertainty among people. The conflict contexts in the Western Balkansrequire a serious and sustainable strategy for building relationships among people regardless oftheir ethnicity and religious affiliation in the long term. (shrink)

This volume explores the philosophy of Étienne Bonnot de Condillac. It presents, for the first time, English-language essays on Condillac's philosophy, making the complexity and sophistication of his arguments and their influence on early modern philosophy accessible to a wider readership. Condillac's reflections on the origin and nature of human abilities, such as the ability to reason, reflect and use language, took philosophy in distinctly new directions. This volume showcases the diversity of themes and methods inspired by Condillac's work. The (...) chapters are divided into four thematic sections. Part 1 highlights themes and discussions that were central to Condillac's own philosophical thinking, thus laying the ground for the subsequent discussions that trace Condillac's influence in the 19th century and beyond. Part 2 focuses on the different ways in which Condillac's philosophy has been taken up, criticised and further developed in France. Part 3 discusses thinkers working in other European countries and parts of the world who took up Condillac's work. Finally, Part 4 looks at the practical applications of Condillac's philosophy in a variety of different fields, such as economics, psychology, psychopathology and deaf studies. Condillac and His Reception will appeal to scholars and advanced students working on early modern philosophy, history of science and intellectual history. (shrink)

The presence of research integrity (RI) policies in higher education institutions is a critical tool for good research governance. Despite the increased availability and visibility of RI policies at many universities around the world, the status of RI policies in African universities is unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of six key research integrity policies in African universities. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of research integrity (RI) policies at 283 African universities, selected based on the Scimago Research and Innovation Ranking (...) 2024. University websites were searched, and policies were coded as "Yes," "Not Available," or "Not Retrievable." Using SPSS 29, and Excel functions to perform data analysis, we evaluate the prevalence and patterns of policy availability across different regions and institutions of Africa. Only 20.67% of universities had RI policies in place, while 78.86% did not have such policies. Furthermore, 0.47% of universities’ RI policies were not retrievable. Most of the available RI policies were written in English (87%), with smaller portions in Arabic (9%) and French (4%). Southern Africa universities had the highest availability of RI policies (58.64%), while Central Africa had the lowest (3.70%). Northern Africa, despite the largest sample representation (n = 149), had substantial gaps in policy availability, with a low rate of universities having RI policies in place (8.95%). There was a strong positive correlation between having a research misconduct/plagiarism policy and a research integrity and ethics policy, while a positive moderate correlation was found between having a data management, repository, sharing, and use policy and the allegation on research misconduct/whistleblowing policy. This study reveals that Research Integrity (RI) policies across African universities are notably limited, with significant gaps, particularly in Northern and Central Africa. Therefore, research administration in African universities must prioritize the development of comprehensive RI policies, accompanied by regular training programs for staff and students to ensure their effective application. Additionally, these policies should be made publicly accessible to stakeholders, thereby enhancing research governance and fostering a culture of integrity across African universities. (shrink)

El artículo hace, primero, un breve recorrido por la idea de globalización, mucho antes de expresarse a través del término actual, como conciencia de una realidad orgánicamente articulada, que ha alcanzado los últimos confines del mundo conocido. Pese a los remotos antecedentes del fenómeno y de la existencia de una “primera globalización” a finales del siglo XIX, la explosión del uso del término se produjo a finales del XX, por la confluencia de una serie de factores señalados en el artículo. (...) Fue entonces también cuando surgió todo un repertorio de metáforas que explican un fenómeno difícil de conceptualizar. El artículo hace hincapié en un conjunto de imágenes –el globo terráqueo, el barco, la anatomía humana, la hamburguesa…– que han servido para representar la globalización desde Europa y a menudo para combatirla como expresión del poder americano en un mundo deshumanizado. (shrink)

This essay by René Arcilla examines Jean-Luc Nancy's understanding of the “spirit of 1968.” It argues that Nancy's concept can guide a humanist approach to educating citizens for participation in democratic self-government, one that responds to the political challenges facing us today. In particular, it develops a critique of factionalizing identity politics and seeks to renew what it means to address, and be addressed by, “we the people.” The essay proposes an idea of what democracy seeks to affirm: our social (...) being. (shrink)

Epstein et al. fail to show that L2 learners have full access to UG because they do not explain the relationship between UG and functional categories (FCs). Nor do they provide an explanation of why learners with (supposed) full knowledge of FCs fail to use them in a native-like way.

Mientras Spengler cree en un sistema cíclico que regula la historia de las culturas humanas y por lo tanto considera inevitable la destrucción de la civilización occidental, que dejará sus poderes (la técnica) a otras culturas que no los sabrán utilizar, Jünger, en cuanto a la Modernidad, ve la interrupción de la regularidad cíclica por la increíble aceleración de su tiempo, y por lo tanto considera posible una regeneración. Sin embargo, ambos, aunque expresen con fuerza el valor negativo de la (...) civilización actual, que encuentra su fiel expresión en la metrópolis, por su alejamiento de las raíces naturales, sienten el deber y tal vez el “privilegio” de ser parte de esta realidad para poder vivir heroicamente su destino. (shrink)

This book rethinks the discussion of sport as a cinematic subject. Arguing for the vitality of the sports film as distinctively 'modern' genre, the book looks at its innovative potential to capture twentieth- and twenty-first-century sport in all its complexity. Written in an accessible style and illustrated throughout, the book integrates work and ideas from film studies with thinking from sports psychology, philosophy, data theory and ecocriticism. In its detailed analyses of a wide-ranging group of films, the book shows how (...) film, from fictional works to biopics to experimental documentaries, can illuminate individual sporting experience, as well as sport's wider place in modern life. (shrink)

L'oeuvre de Klong chen rab 'byams (alias Klong chen pa) a laisse une profonde empreinte dans la culture tibetaine, non seulement en raison de ses qualites proprement philosophiques, mais encore gryce ... sa dimension spirituelle et du fait ...

ABSTRACTAffective states influence how individuals process information and behave. Some theories predict emotional congruency effects. Emotional congruency should theoretically obstruct the learning of reward associations and their ability to guide behaviour under negative mood. Two studies tested the effects of the induction of a negative affective state on appetitive Pavlovian learning, in which neutral stimuli were associated with chocolate or alcohol rewards. In both experiments, participants showed enhanced approach tendencies towards predictors of reward after a negative relative to a positive (...) performance feedback manipulation. This increase was related to a reduction in positive affect in Experiment 1 only. No effects of the manipulation on conditioned reward expectancies, craving, or consumption were observed. Overall, our findings support the idea of counter-regu... (shrink)

This paper contrasts the morally suspect elements in Marx's comments on relations between men and women in the 1844 Manuscripts with the more sensible and liberal tone of Marx's remarks on the same topic in post-1844 writings. The contrast is used to illustrate the claim that an important moral shift occurs in Marx's thought around 1844, a shift away from the early concern to overcome bourgeois egoism and with it the antagonism between state and civil society, and toward the mature (...) concern to eliminate what are perceived to be unfair inequalities of power among economic agents in a capitalist economy.The concept of alienation articulated in the Manuscripts attempts to combine these disparate concerns, and in consequence Marx's discussion there founders interestingly. (shrink)

The paper looks into prospects of using mobile applications in the regional information market. It reviews global trends in their introduction rates, based on development of mobile devices and new information technologies. Mobile applications are classified, their most popular types for business and community described. The author provides rationale for some directions of market expansion owing to a growing share of smartphones in the total number of mobile phones and an increase in the number of Internet users. Some specific features (...) of the regional information market performance and its main participants are identified. The paper presents economic performances of companies by regions of Ukraine as a critical economic factor in using mobile applications. The banking sector and trade are defined as the most favorable lines of activity. The following bottlenecks in the use of mobile applications by domestic banks are identified as compared to those in Europe, specifically in Poland: a low rate of activity in this field and insufficient number of Internet users. The author analyzes functional capabilities of active software in the most successful banks of Ukraine. Services of the most popular mobile applications offered by major companies with regional representatives are examined. There are some factors identified, which adversely affect the shaping of community demand for mobile applications, such as regional disproportions in the flow of income as well as high purchase costs of food commodities and extremely low purchase costs of household appliances. The author gives some positive examples of promoting mobile applications in local information markets in the field of public transport. It is established that prospects of further use of mobile applications in the regional information market depend on enhancement of financial stability of economic entities and an increase of the income level of the population. (shrink)